One example of the TCP/IP network stack - this isn't always unanimous.
It's a networking model made up of two widely used Internet protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). It's also known as the Internet protocol suite Wikipedia.
Implementing complex functionality into the core of the network is expensive and hard to fix in the long term, so the end-to-end argument was used: intelligent and complex end devices with a dumb and fast core network.
The core was made packet-switched, which means discrete, small packets of data are delivered separately. Also, they're routed per-hop, so that they can circumvent failures at each step.
This is in contrast to circuit-switched networks, which involves allocating a dedicated channel (circuit) with a fixed bandwidth. The downside is that if this circuit breaks, the information sent is lost.
One example of the TCP/IP network stack - this isn't always unanimous.